|
Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American Republican politician. In 1966, he became the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate.〔The first African-American senator, Hiram Rhodes Revels, was appointed by the Mississippi state legislature to an unexpired term in 1870. Blanche Bruce was the first African American elected to the Senate, elected by the Mississippi state legislature to a full term in 1874. Prior to the 17th Amendment in 1913, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislatures.〕 No other senator of African heritage was elected until Democrat Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois in 1993. Brooke was also the last Black Republican to serve in the United States Senate until the 2012 appointment of Tim Scott in South Carolina.〔()〕 He was elected to the Senate as a Republican from Massachusetts, defeating former Massachusetts governor Democrat Endicott Peabody in a landslide. He served for two terms, and was defeated by Paul Tsongas in the 1978 senate election.〔Samuelson, Tracey D. ("Who is Edward Brooke?" ), ''The Christian Science Monitor'', October 28, 2009. (WebCitation archive ).〕 Brooke was the last Republican Senator elected from Massachusetts until Scott Brown was elected to fill the unexpired term of Brooke's former colleague Ted Kennedy in 2010. He was the oldest living former Senator from July 30, 2013 (after Harry F. Byrd, Jr.'s death) until January 3, 2015, when he died. At the time he was one of eleven living ex-Senators that were at least ninety years old and was one of only thirty three ever to have reached ninety-five years of age. In 1967, Brooke was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.〔(NAACP Spingarn Medal )〕 ==Early years== Edward William Brooke III was born on October 26, 1919, in Washington, D.C., to Edward William Brooke, Jr. and Helen (Seldon) Brooke. He was the second of three children; the Brookes' firstborn died at age 3 before Edward III was born.〔Cutler, pp. 13–14.〕 He was raised in a middle-class section of the city, and attended Dunbar High School, then one of the most prestigious academic high schools for African Americans.〔Cutler, pp. 14–18.〕 After graduating in 1936, he enrolled in Howard University, where he first considered medicine, but ended up studying social studies and political science.〔Cutler, p. 20.〕 Brooke graduated in 1941, and enlisted in the United States Army immediately after the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor.〔Cutler, p. 23.〕 Given his college degree, Brooke was commissioned as an officer, serving five years in the Army, and seeing combat in Italy during World War II as a member of the segregated 366th Infantry Regiment, earning a Bronze Star. In Italy Brooke met his future wife Remigia Ferrari-Scacco, with whom he had two daughters, Remi and Edwina after their marriage. Following his discharge, Brooke graduated from the Boston University School of Law in 1948. "I never studied much at Howard," he reflected, "but at Boston University, I didn't do much else but study." His papers are stored at Boston University's Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Brooke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|